Pulmonary
Metastatic
Disease
Pulmonary
Metastatic
Disease
©
Copyright
William Herring, MD, FACR
SOLITARY METASTASES
MULTIPLE NODULES
Colon (30-40%)
Sarcomas, particularly from bone
Kidney
Testicle
Breast
Malignant melanoma
Kidney
·
Thyroid
Sarcoma of bone
LYMPHANGITIC SPREAD
CAVITARY METS
Lesions arise around chest
Simulate CHF
Lung
Breast
Thyroid
Larynx
Stomach
Pancreas
Cervix
Usually thick walled with nodular inner
margin
Squamous cell primaries such as
Head and neck tumors
Ca of the cervix
Transitional cell ca
Melanoma
Adenocarcinoma
Metastases to Lung
Types of Spread
Direct extension
Hematogenous
Lymphangitic
Direct Extension
General
Rare
Pleura is resistant to spread
Extension to ribs or vertebral body
Pancoast tumor
Extension to esophagus
Direct Extension of Lung Cancer Through
Chest Wall
Hematogenous spread
General
Produces showers of tumor emboli at
different times
Lung nodules–
Cannonball lesions
Usually multiple and of varying sizes
Hematogenous spread
By Cell Type
Adenocarcinoma
Colorectal
Breast
Renal
Most GU tumors
Squamous cell ca
Head and neck tumors in a male
Cervical ca in a female
Hematogenous Mets to Lung
Causes
Colorectal ca
Breast ca
Renal cell ca
Most GU tumors
Endometrial
Testicular
Malignant Melanoma
Soft tissue sarcomas
Hematogenous Metastases from Colon
Cancer
Lymphangitic Spread
General
Probably hematogenous to lymphatics
then retrograde to hila
Due to lymphatic blockade at hilus
Produces pulmonary interstitial edema
Does not clear as rapidly or completely as
CHF
Pleural fluid may be benign at first
Lymphangitic Spread
Appearance
Laminar effusion
Kerley B lines
Fluid in the fissures
Peribronchial cuffing
Lymphangitic Spread
Causes
Lung ca
Breast ca
Gastric ca
Pancreatic ca
Thyroid ca
Laryngeal ca
Cervical ca
Lymphangitic Spread of Lung Cancer to
Right Lung
Patterns of Spread
Ovarian tumors usually spread locally
in peritoneum
Prostate ca rarely spreads to lung,
usually retroperitoneum and bone
Cervical ca extends locally and
produces hydronephrosis
Renal cell ca often spreads to lung
Head and neck tumors spread locally
Sarcomas produce some of the
fastest growing mets
Choriocarcinoma may have
indistinct margins
Patterns of Spread
Causes of Lung Nodules
In order
Granulomas
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Hamartomas
Metastases
Cavitating Nodules
Squamous cell ca—most common
Adenocarcinoma
Bronchoalveolar cell ca (rare)
Hodgkin's Disease (rare)
Cavitary Head and Neck Squamous Cell
Carcinoma
Pulmonary Nodules with Pneumothorax
Osteosarcoma
Wilm's tumor
Eosinophilic granuloma
The End